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State consumer-law reference center

Virginia

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Section inventory15 entries
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State law changes and varies by facts. Only source-checked inventories appear below. “Research pending” is not legal guidance and never means DJC may market, enroll, contract, bill, or provide a regulated service in this jurisdiction.
State statute inventory

Consumer-protection authorities under review

15 section entries
2026 change review required

Virginia Consumer Protection Act

Va. Code Ann. §§ 59.1-196–59.1-207

All fifteen current sections were checked against the Virginia General Assembly’s official Chapter 17 directory updated July 21, 2026. Sections 59.1-198 and 59.1-200 contain multiple future-effective versions through July 1, 2027, which must be selected by transaction date.

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Va. Code Ann. § 59.1-197

Intent

States the General Assembly’s policy and purpose in protecting consumers and promoting fair dealing.

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Va. Code Ann. § 59.1-198

Definitions

Defines consumer transaction, supplier, goods, services, and other terms; the official page includes a future version effective January 1, 2027.

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Va. Code Ann. § 59.1-200

Prohibited practices

Lists unlawful supplier practices and incorporates violations of numerous related consumer statutes; consult the version effective on the relevant date.

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Va. Code Ann. § 59.1-200.1

Foreclosure-rescue practices

Prohibits specified practices connected with foreclosure-rescue services.

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Va. Code Ann. § 59.1-201

Civil investigative orders

Provides procedures for court-authorized investigative orders in suspected violations.

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Va. Code Ann. § 59.1-201.1

Attorney General investigative demands

Authorizes the Attorney General to issue specified civil investigative demands.

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Va. Code Ann. § 59.1-202

Assurances of voluntary compliance

Allows written assurances that challenged conduct will stop and addresses their enforcement.

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Va. Code Ann. § 59.1-203

Restraining prohibited acts

Authorizes public officials to seek injunctions against prohibited conduct.

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Va. Code Ann. § 59.1-204

Individual action for damages or penalty

Addresses individual actions, actual damages or statutory relief, fees, and other remedies; review current law before asserting a claim.

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Va. Code Ann. § 59.1-204.1

Tolling of limitation

Addresses suspension of a limitations period during specified government proceedings; obtain legal advice before calculating a deadline.

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Va. Code Ann. § 59.1-205

Additional relief

Authorizes additional court orders needed to restore money or property and address unlawful conduct.

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Va. Code Ann. § 59.1-206

Civil penalties; attorney fees

Provides civil penalties and attorney-fee rules for specified violations and enforcement actions.

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Research map

Virginia consumer-credit categories

Research pending

Credit services and credit repair organizations

Licensing, registration, bonding, contracts, fees, cancellation, advertising, and prohibited practices.

What the legal reviewer checks
  • Covered-service definitions
  • License or registration requirements
  • Contract and disclosure language
  • Fee and cancellation restrictions
  • Advertising and prohibited practices
Research pending

Debt collection

State collection-agency licensing, prohibited conduct, validation-related rules, remedies, and regulator contacts.

What the legal reviewer checks
  • Collector and agency definitions
  • Licensing and exemptions
  • Communication and conduct restrictions
  • Civil remedies and enforcement
  • Complaint channels
Research pending

Consumer reporting and security freezes

State credit-reporting duties, freezes, protected-consumer freezes, identity-theft blocks, and remedies.

What the legal reviewer checks
  • Freeze placement and lifting
  • Fees and timing
  • Protected consumers
  • Identity-theft procedures
  • Enforcement and remedies
Authority identified

Identity theft, data breach, and privacy

Identity-theft crimes and recovery tools, breach notices, personal-information safeguards, and privacy rights.

  • Va. Code Ann. §§ 59.1-196–59.1-207
What the legal reviewer checks
  • Breach notice triggers and timing
  • Covered personal information
  • Security safeguards
  • Identity-theft reports and blocks
  • Attorney-general enforcement
Research pending

Garnishment and judgment protections

State exemptions, disposable-earnings limits, court procedures, bank-account protections, and employer duties.

What the legal reviewer checks
  • Wage and bank exemptions
  • Debt-specific limits
  • Claim-of-exemption procedure
  • Notice and hearing deadlines
  • Employer restrictions
Research pending

Repossession and deficiency balances

Notice, cure, repossession conduct, sale, accounting, redemption, and deficiency rules.

What the legal reviewer checks
  • Right-to-cure notices
  • Repossession restrictions
  • Sale notice and commercial reasonableness
  • Redemption
  • Deficiency accounting and defenses
Research pending

Small-dollar and consumer lending

Licensing, rates, fees, payment plans, disclosures, collection practices, and complaint resources.

What the legal reviewer checks
  • Covered loan definitions
  • License requirements
  • Rate and fee limits
  • Rollover or payment-plan rules
  • Enforcement
Research pending

Mortgage, housing, and auto finance

Servicing, foreclosure, homeowner, dealer-finance, motor-vehicle-sales, and related protections.

What the legal reviewer checks
  • Mortgage servicing and foreclosure
  • Homeowner notices and assistance
  • Dealer and sales-finance licensing
  • Auto disclosures
  • Complaints and remedies
Research pending

Medical and utility debt

Billing, collection, charity-care, utility termination, deposit, and payment-plan rules.

What the legal reviewer checks
  • Hospital and medical billing
  • Charity-care disclosures
  • Utility shutoff protections
  • Deposits and payment plans
  • Complaint agencies
Research pending

Military and veteran protections

State protections that may supplement federal servicemember and military-lending laws.

What the legal reviewer checks
  • State active-duty coverage
  • Interest or collection protections
  • Lease and contract rules
  • Court stays
  • Military legal-assistance contacts

Need information before review is complete?

Use the official state source, state attorney general, financial regulator, or legal-aid provider. Confirm current effective dates and amendments before relying on a section.

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